Masako Tanaka
Sophia University, Global Studies, Faculty Member
- Nepal, Human Rights-Based Approach, Women's Rights, Women's Human Rights, Social Movements, Non-communicable diseases, and 30 moreHuman Trafficking, Citizens' Movement, Gender, Social Inclusion, International Development/aid, South Asian Studies, UNSCR 1325, Migration Research, Women Peace and Security, Human Rights, Public Health, Governance, Sexuality, Housing, Poverty, Health Promotion, Social Change, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Property Law, Social Safety Net, Civil Society Organizations, Universal Health Coverage, Squatters, Bangladesh, Migration, International Migration, Gender and Migration, Community Development, Community Based Health Insurance, and Micro health insuranceedit
- Practitioner, activist, academicedit
Research Interests: Geography and Seismology
Japan is an immigration country whose economy cannot be sustained without foreign workers. However, the national government has done little for migrants, and municipalities and non-government organizations (NGOs) provide nominal services.... more
Japan is an immigration country whose economy cannot be sustained without foreign workers. However, the national government has done little for migrants, and municipalities and non-government organizations (NGOs) provide nominal services. The study examines the roles of migrant organizations through a case study of a self-help organization (SHO) in Gunma. Its primary role is organizing Nepalese migrants for mutual support. The secondary role is maintaining regular contact and collaboration with local governments and NGOs to provide an interface between migrants and other stakeholders to contribute to the integration of Nepalese migrants. The third role is developing transnational ties with Nepal, which is limited to emergency support. As the case of the SHO shows, migrant organizations can promote themselves as an interface between migrants and local stakeholders. Maintaining regular contact and collaboration with various stakeholders, they can be proactive civil society organizations that go beyond episodic participation in their residential communities. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: Migrant organization, Transnationalism, Nepal, Japan 165
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This article discusses the processes and conditions necessary for "inclusive aid," with a special focus on identity-based associations (IBAs) established by socially excluded groups. The study defines inclusive aid as aid that... more
This article discusses the processes and conditions necessary for "inclusive aid," with a special focus on identity-based associations (IBAs) established by socially excluded groups. The study defines inclusive aid as aid that establishes IBAs as core implementing partners of development programs. Inclusive aid enables IBAs to be recognized as civil society organizations (CSOs), and to restore human rights by transforming relationships among IBAs, international non-government organizations (NGOs), and local NGOs . As an example, the paper examines Shakti Samuha in Nepal, the first IBA in the world established by survivors of human trafficking. This organization was selected because it is a model for other IBAs formed by stigmatized women and has become an indispensable actor in Nepal. The article begins with a critical review of the current tendency of development aid to exclude IBAs. Next, it examines prior studies on partnerships and a "rights-based approach", ...
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There is no specific law in Nepal that directly criminalizes sex work. However, many sex workers have experienced arbitrary detention by law-enforcement authorities. The Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007 (HTTCA)... more
There is no specific law in Nepal that directly criminalizes sex work. However, many sex workers have experienced arbitrary detention by law-enforcement authorities. The Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007 (HTTCA) criminalizes pimps and clients, but not sex workers directly. However, the Act was overinclusive and often criminalized women engaged in voluntary sex work. The new Criminal (Code) Act 2017 criminalizes advertising and providing facilities for sex work in the section concerning crimes against the public good. These laws are used to prosecute sex workers. Two identity-based associations (IBAs) emphasize the importance of decriminalization, but do not support the legalization of sex work. A licensing system, if introduced under legalization, may exclude the most vulnerable sex workers, including housewives, migrants, and sexual minorities, who are secretly engaged in the business. I conclude that ongoing advocacy of IBAs should seek to provide safe worki...
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This chapter presents a case study of the unique role played by a women’s NGO in actively supporting agency, self-representation, and alliance building among marginalised women. The case study focuses on the NGO’s role as an incubator in... more
This chapter presents a case study of the unique role played by a women’s NGO in actively supporting agency, self-representation, and alliance building among marginalised women. The case study focuses on the NGO’s role as an incubator in promoting identity-based associations (IBAs) that represent and assert the rights of particular groups of marginalised and/or stigmatized women such as trafficking survivors and women working in the entertainment sector, e.g. dance bars, duet restaurants and massage parlours. The presented case demonstrates that IBAs can be empowered to address their own issues as long as NGOs and other supportive parties provide adequate input for provisional capacity building. Finally, the article underscores challenges to and prerequisites for enabling other NGOs to play such a role, to serve as a resource for other civil society organisations.
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Indigenous People’s Organisations (IPOs) are emerging agents in Nepal. The Nepal Chepang Association (NCA) is a well-known IPO actively involved in development projects. It is also led by a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly who... more
Indigenous People’s Organisations (IPOs) are emerging agents in Nepal. The Nepal Chepang Association (NCA) is a well-known IPO actively involved in development projects. It is also led by a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly who is himself closely affiliated with an outside political party. NCA members juggle non-political responsibilities, such as those relating to development with political responsibilities, thus requiring them to navigate different situations. It is through development projects that NCA attracts its members, yet keeping members satisfied when development projects have reached their end is a challenge. Based on interviews with NCA members, staff, leaders and non-Chepang supporters, this article will illustrate NCA’s different roles and changing perceptions towards the Chepang in Nepal.
Research Interests: Social Change, Social Justice, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Indigenous Peoples Rights, Nepal, and 8 moreSocial Inclusion, Development, Civil Society, Rights Based Approach to Development, Practice Based Approaches to the Study of Knowing, Learning and Change In Organisations, Higher Education Feminist Studies of Science and Technology, and Collaborative Action Research Methodologies
An increase of inmigrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating... more
An increase of inmigrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating people from all over Nepal’ is often naively appreciated as positive character of Kathmandu without closely examining whether the non-Newar tenants really participate in the activities of
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An increase of inmigrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating... more
An increase of inmigrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating people from all over Nepal’ is often naively appreciated as positive character of Kathmandu without closely examining whether the non-Newar tenants really participate in the activities of their host communities with their cultural identities not being denied but respected. This article examines relationships between non-Newar tenants and their host communities. It presents how development agencies should apply the concept of social exclusion in carrying out their activities effectively in urban communities. The present scenario—development by/for Newar owners are not sustainable due to increasing out-migration of Newar. Therefore, it is high time to start inclusive development for all including non-Newar tenants.
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Research Interests: Social Change, Social Work, Social Justice, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Indigenous Peoples Rights, and 12 moreNepal, Social Inclusion, Civil Society, Business and Management, Public Policy and Administration, International Aid and Development, Voluntas, Rights Based Approach to Development, Practice Based Approaches to the Study of Knowing, Learning and Change In Organisations, Higher Education Feminist Studies of Science and Technology, and Collaborative Action Research Methodologies
Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to healthcare among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants.... more
Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to healthcare among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants. In Japan, Nepalese migrants constitute the largest South Asian community. Their number increased by three folds from 2011 to 2016. However, little is known about their access to health care in Japan. Based on Andersen's model, we examined the factors associated with access to healthcare among Nepalese migrants in Japan. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 642 Nepalese migrants residing in 10 prefectures of Japan. We used multivariable logistic regression model to explore the key predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with access to healthcare among the migrants. The migrants who had stayed in Japan longer were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.19).The migrants were more...
Research Interests: Migration, Health, Nepal, Japan, Medicine, and 3 moreMultidisciplinary, PLoS one, and Nepali Migrants
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本研究は、2015 年 4... more
本研究は、2015 年 4 月に地震の被害を受けたネパールを事例に、脆弱性を生み出す要因としての社会的排除に注目し、特にジェンダー平等と社会的包摂の視点を取り入れた支援について検討することを目的とする。ネパールでは地震発生以前の段階ですでに社会的排除が問題として認識され、ジェンダー平等と社会的包摂に関する取り組みも始まっていたが、農村部でそれを実践するための機構は不十分であった。発災後、クラスター・アプローチが採用され、ジェンダーや社会的包摂の視点を取り入れる試みがなされたが、脆弱層への配慮は不足していた。背景として、住民登録制度が確立されていないこと、補償制度が個人ではなく家族／世帯単位であることなどが考えられる。「より良い復興」とは、工学的な意味での強靭さを備えた復興として理解されがちだが、社会経済的・文化的な側面においてより良い状態を生み出すためには人権の視点も不可欠である。ネパールにすでにある政策文書をツールとし、人権基盤型アプローチを取り入れることで「ひとりひとり」が尊重される社会へと近づくのではないだろうか。
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Japan is an immigration country whose economy cannot be sustained without foreign workers. However, the national government has done little for migrants, and municipalities and non-government organizations (NGOs) provide nominal services.... more
Japan is an immigration country whose economy cannot be sustained without foreign workers. However, the national government has done little for migrants, and municipalities and non-government organizations (NGOs) provide nominal services. The study examines the roles of migrant organizations through a case study of a self-help organization (SHO) in Gunma. Its primary role is organizing Nepalese migrants for mutual support. The secondary role is maintaining regular contact and collaboration with local governments and NGOs to provide an interface between migrants and other stakeholders to contribute to the integration of Nepalese migrants. The third role is developing transnational ties with Nepal, which is limited to emergency support. As the case of the SHO shows, migrant organizations can promote themselves as an interface between migrants and local stakeholders. Maintaining regular contact and collaboration with various stakeholders, they can be proactive civil society organizations that go beyond episodic participation in their residential communities. K Ke ey y w wo or rd ds s: Migrant organization, Transnationalism, Nepal, Japan 165
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There is no specific law in Nepal that directly criminalizes sex work. However, many sex workers have experienced arbitrary detention by law-enforcement authorities. The Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007 (HTTCA)... more
There is no specific law in Nepal that directly criminalizes sex work. However, many sex workers have experienced arbitrary detention by law-enforcement authorities. The Human Trafficking and Transportation (Control) Act, 2007 (HTTCA) criminalizes pimps and clients, but not sex workers directly. However, the Act was overinclusive and often criminalized women engaged in voluntary sex work. The new Criminal (Code) Act 2017 criminalizes advertising and providing facilities for sex work in the section concerning crimes against the public good. These laws are used to prosecute sex workers. Two identity-based associations (IBAs) emphasize the importance of decriminalization, but do not support the legalization of sex work. A licensing system, if introduced under legalization, may exclude the most vulnerable sex workers, including housewives, migrants, and sexual minorities, who are secretly engaged in the business. I conclude that ongoing advocacy of IBAs should seek to provide safe working environments for sex workers in Nepal.
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人間の安全保障は、国家の枠を超えて個人の生存や人権を保障する概念であり、暴力に曝されがちな女性や女の子が「恐怖からの自 由」を獲得するために有効なアプローチである。 1994 年に発行された『人間開発報告書：人間 の安全保障』は、経済、食糧、健康、環境、個人、コミュニティ、政治の七つの側面から人間の安全保障を分析し、伝統的な価値観が優先さ れるコミュニティでは、女性が不当な扱いを受けやすいことに言及している。 特定の集団に属することで個人の安全は保障... more
人間の安全保障は、国家の枠を超えて個人の生存や人権を保障する概念であり、暴力に曝されがちな女性や女の子が「恐怖からの自 由」を獲得するために有効なアプローチである。 1994 年に発行された『人間開発報告書：人間 の安全保障』は、経済、食糧、健康、環境、個人、コミュニティ、政治の七つの側面から人間の安全保障を分析し、伝統的な価値観が優先さ れるコミュニティでは、女性が不当な扱いを受けやすいことに言及している。 特定の集団に属することで個人の安全は保障 されるべきところだが、その集団としての価値観が優先されると、個人の安全が保障されないことになる。女性に対する暴力は、 その一例だ。 ジェンダー不平等の構造を温存しがちな家庭やコミュニティでの暴力は黙殺されやすい。そこで求められるのが、個人の安全を保障する新た な空間の創出である。 災害時に発生する女性に対する暴力は、国や 地域を問わず共通点がある。殴る、髪をひっぱ るなどの身体的暴力、避妊具を用いない性行為 の強要やレイプなどの性暴力だけでなく、公衆 の面前で暴言を吐くといった精神的暴力、被災後の見舞金や給付金を渡さず困窮に陥れる経済 的暴力、外出を禁じて行動を制限する社会的暴 力など多様であり、幅広い年齢層に及ぶ。避難生活の長期化は、アルコールやギャンブルへの依存を高め、発災前からあった家族や夫婦間の 問題を顕在化させ、暴力の誘発要因を生みやすい。男性や男の子も被害者となり得るが、女性 や女の子に対するものが圧倒的に多い。 2015 年に発生したネパール大地震は、8,969人の命を奪った。その内訳は女性 5,026人、男 性 3,934人で、他国での災害同様、女性がより 犠牲になっている。本稿では、ネパール大地震 後に設置された 「女性の安全スペース」 (Female Friendly Space、以下 FFS)を例に、個人とコ ミュニティの安全保障について考える。
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Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to health care among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants.... more
Migrants are one of the most deprived and vulnerable groups who receive the least health services in the society. Only a few studies have been conducted on access to health care among migrants in Asia, despite hosting 75 million migrants. In Japan, Nepalese migrants
constitute the largest South Asian community. Their number increased by three folds from 2011 to 2016. However, little is known about their access to health care in Japan. Based on Andersen’s model, we examined the factors associated with access to health care among Nepalese migrants in Japan.
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 642 Nepalese migrants residing in 10 prefectures of Japan. We used multi-variable logistic regression model to explore the key predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with access to health care among the migrants.
The migrants who had stayed in Japan longer were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19). The migrants were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.73) when they did not need Japanese language interpreter during visit to health facilities. They were also less likely not to see a doctor/health worker when needed (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56). The migrants were less likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker when they had not paid the health insurance premium regularly (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.33). Their low perception of better access to a doctor/health worker was also associated
with self-rated health status as poor or fair (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.89).
Conclusion
Nepalese migrants have poor access to health care in Japan. The key factors associated with their access to health care are the length of stay (predisposing factor), Japanese language skill and health insurance (enabling factors) and self-rated health status (need factor).
constitute the largest South Asian community. Their number increased by three folds from 2011 to 2016. However, little is known about their access to health care in Japan. Based on Andersen’s model, we examined the factors associated with access to health care among Nepalese migrants in Japan.
We conducted a cross-sectional study among 642 Nepalese migrants residing in 10 prefectures of Japan. We used multi-variable logistic regression model to explore the key predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with access to health care among the migrants.
The migrants who had stayed in Japan longer were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.03–1.19). The migrants were more likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.17–2.73) when they did not need Japanese language interpreter during visit to health facilities. They were also less likely not to see a doctor/health worker when needed (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI 0.21–0.56). The migrants were less likely to perceive better access to a doctor/health worker when they had not paid the health insurance premium regularly (AOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.13–0.33). Their low perception of better access to a doctor/health worker was also associated
with self-rated health status as poor or fair (AOR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.89).
Conclusion
Nepalese migrants have poor access to health care in Japan. The key factors associated with their access to health care are the length of stay (predisposing factor), Japanese language skill and health insurance (enabling factors) and self-rated health status (need factor).
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The increased Nepalese population in Japan has accelerated their isolation from the host society, as the Nepalese spend their time only with their own nationals. A number of self-help organisations formed by Nepalese migrants have emerged... more
The increased Nepalese population in Japan has accelerated their isolation from the host society, as the Nepalese spend their time only with their own nationals. A number of self-help organisations formed by Nepalese migrants have emerged as part of their effort to integrate into Japanese society. This study investigates the roles of such organisations and identifies their potentials in contributing towards integration. The study focuses on Ota city and Oizumi town in Gunma prefecture, where the number of Nepalese is rapidly increasing. This study finds that these organisations will do better in integrating migrants if they are acknowledged as analogous to Japanese NGOs and treated as partners of government agencies.
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This article discusses the processes and conditions necessary for “inclusive aid,” with a special focus on identity-based associations (IBAs) established by socially excluded groups. The study defines inclusive aid as aid that establishes... more
This article discusses the processes and conditions necessary for “inclusive aid,” with a special focus on identity-based associations (IBAs) established by socially excluded groups. The study defines inclusive aid as aid that establishes IBAs as core implementing partners of development programs. Inclusive aid enables IBAs to be recognized as civil society organizations (CSOs), and to restore human rights by transforming relationships among IBAs, international non-government organizations (NGOs), and local NGOs . As an example, the paper examines Shakti Samuha in Nepal, the first IBA in the world established by survivors of human trafficking. This organization was selected because it is a model for other IBAs formed by stigmatized women and has become an indispensable actor in Nepal. The article begins with a critical review of the current tendency of development aid to exclude IBAs. Next, it examines prior studies on partnerships and a “rights-based approach”, and those on development partnerships, in which IBAs are paired with international NGOs. Based on interviews with members, staff, advisors of Shakti Samuha and its supporters, and staff of partner organizations, the case demonstrates an evolutionary process of inclusive aid that follows five steps: 1) organizing a group of excluded persons; 2) transforming from self-help organizations to IBAs; 3) mutual learning through networking; 4) working with various actors; and 5) changing relationships between rights holders and other actors. The findings will be applicable in countries where partnership styles and the establishment of IBAs are
promoted. The study aims to examine the present conditions for successful partnerships with marginalized organizations
and other development agencies, and does not deal with social inclusion of marginalized people in general. The scope of
this study is limited to partnership issues in the development aid sector.
promoted. The study aims to examine the present conditions for successful partnerships with marginalized organizations
and other development agencies, and does not deal with social inclusion of marginalized people in general. The scope of
this study is limited to partnership issues in the development aid sector.
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This paper presents waste collection programmes by private organisations, such as CBOs, NGOs and profit making organisations in Kathmandu based on field research conducted from 1998 to 99. It starts as a brief description of changes on... more
This paper presents waste collection programmes by private organisations, such as CBOs, NGOs and profit making organisations in Kathmandu based on field research conducted from 1998 to 99. It starts as a brief description of changes on settlement patterns as well as diversity of community-based organisations in Kathmandu followed by a discussion of the previous waste management system relied on sweeper caste. The recent phenomena of waste collection are introduced including a variety of approaches and operational styles. Three examples of different settings, such as old settlements, newly developed settlements and settlements with mixed characters are examined specially on roles of residents in waste management process to explore the best practice for promotion of 3R (reuse, recycle and reduction). Finally, it reviews the on-going programme of privatisation of waste management by Kathmandu Metropolitan City and comes up with recommendations on the roles of local government to co-ordinate different sub-groups of private organisations.
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『ふぇみん』2013年5月25日、同6月25日
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Indigenous People’s Organisations (IPOs) are emerging agents in Nepal. The Nepal Chepang Association (NCA) is a well-known IPO actively involved in development projects. It is also led by a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly who... more
Indigenous People’s Organisations (IPOs) are emerging agents in Nepal. The Nepal Chepang Association (NCA) is a well-known IPO actively involved in development projects. It is also led by a member of the Nepalese Constituent Assembly who is himself closely affiliated with an outside political party. NCA members juggle non-political responsibilities, such as those relating to development with political responsibilities, thus requiring them to navigate different situations. It is through development projects that NCA attracts its members, yet keeping members satisfied when development projects have reached their end is a challenge. Based on interviews with NCA members, staff, leaders and non-Chepang supporters, this article will illustrate NCA’s different roles and changing perceptions towards the Chepang in Nepal.
Research Interests: Social Change, Social Justice, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Indigenous Peoples Rights, Nepal, and 8 moreSocial Inclusion, Development, Civil Society, Rights Based Approach to Development, Practice Based Approaches to the Study of Knowing, Learning and Change In Organisations, Higher Education Feminist Studies of Science and Technology, and Collaborative Action Research Methodologies
This article examines the unique roles of NGOs with special attention to the changing socio-political contexts of NGOs in terms of their partnerships with Rights-Holder Organizations (RHOs), which claim the rights of particular groups of... more
This article examines the unique roles of NGOs with special attention to the changing socio-political contexts of NGOs in terms of their partnerships with Rights-Holder Organizations (RHOs), which claim the rights of particular groups of excluded population. It reviews an example of the NGO working with RHOs in Nepal. NGO relationships with RHOs are delicate and not always equitable due to their different backgrounds and expertise. NGOs, comprising mostly people who are not members of the rights-holding groups, use their expertise to work for others over fixed periods, whilst RHOs work for their own constituencies through movements. Until the 1990s, NGOs supported so-called ‘beneficiaries’ who were members of excluded groups whose rights were being denied. Today, RHOs are formed directly by excluded groups. Some NGOs are trying to change their role to become promoters for RHOs, whilst others remain as their proxies, which merely creates an extra layer between RHOs and donors. The article attempts to prove that building equitable relationships between NGOs and RHOs is possible if NGOs have professionalism, expertise in capacity development and a readiness to become more inclusive. Though there are still several challenges ahead, such efforts by NGOs make it possible to change funding flows for RHOs and contribute to inclusive aid.
Research Interests: Social Change, Social Justice, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Indigenous Peoples Rights, Nepal, and 8 moreSocial Inclusion, Civil Society, International Aid and Development, Rights Based Approach to Development, Practice Based Approaches to the Study of Knowing, Learning and Change In Organisations, Higher Education Feminist Studies of Science and Technology, and Collaborative Action Research Methodologies
『住宅』Vol.58、社団法人日本住宅協会、2009年
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『都市問題』Vol.98（8）、東京市政調査会、2007年
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『住宅』Vol.54、社団法人日本住宅協会、2005年
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An increase of in-migrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating... more
An increase of in-migrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating people from all over Nepal’ is often naively appreciated as positive character of Kathmandu without closely examining whether the non-Newar tenants really participate in the activities of their host communities with their cultural identities not being denied but
respected. This article examines relationships between non-Newar tenants and their host communities. It presents how development agencies should apply the concept of social exclusion in carrying out their activities effectively in urban communities. The present scenario—development by/for Newar
owners are not sustainable due to increasing out-migration of Newar. Therefore, it is high time to start inclusive development for all including non-Newar tenants.
respected. This article examines relationships between non-Newar tenants and their host communities. It presents how development agencies should apply the concept of social exclusion in carrying out their activities effectively in urban communities. The present scenario—development by/for Newar
owners are not sustainable due to increasing out-migration of Newar. Therefore, it is high time to start inclusive development for all including non-Newar tenants.
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『住宅着工統計』No.298、財団法人建築物価調査会、2009年
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Squatters' organizations are a notable driving force of civil society movements in Nepal. Their alliance, working on urban squatter issues, has been trying to change their strategy from one of confrontation with government authorities to... more
Squatters' organizations are a notable driving force of civil society movements in Nepal. Their alliance, working on urban squatter issues, has been trying to change their strategy from one of confrontation with government authorities to one of collaboration with multiple stakeholders, including non-squatter neighbours. This paper reviews a decade of squatters' movement in Nepal. It highlights the changes in relationship between squatters and non-squatters and recent moves for public—private—community partnership. The paper argues the importance of getting more attention from non-squatter citizens for policy changes to ensure housing rights.
Research Interests: Social Change, Health Promotion, Social epidemiology, Human Rights, Poverty, and 42 moreProperty Law, Global cities, Stigma, Sexuality, HIV/AIDS, Governance, Collective Action, Law and Development, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Gentrification, Housing, Neoliberalism, Social Exclusion, World Bank, Public Health, Community Participation, Social Inclusion, Gated Communities, Citizenship, Citizenship, Civil Society, Social Inequality, Urban Renewal, Modernización del Estado, Malnutrition, Privatization, Informal Sector, Politicas Publicas, Land Use, Istanbul, Squatters, Informality, Human Rights-Based Approach, Administracion Publica, Deregulation, Economic and Social Rights, Power and Empowerment, Migration and Diaspora Studies, Cultural and Spatial Representations of the Urban Poor, Ciencias Policas, Proyectos Y Politicas De Inclusion Social, and Proyectos De Responsabilidad Social
『オルタ』2005年5月号、アジア太平洋資料センター
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『第5回大阪・アジアスカラシップ活動報告書』、財団法人大阪国際交流センター、1997年
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フェアトレードが急速に普及しているフィンランドでは、その理念を具体的に深化させつつ規模の拡大も実現している。その背景には、商品の輸入や販売に直接携わる団体だけでなく、労働組合や国際協力NGOが関わり、経済・社会領域だけでなく、政策としてフェアトレードを推進する政治領域での変化がある。深化と拡大を両立させるべくフェアトレード運動に取り組む多様なアクターの役割について論じる。
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日本南アジア学会 第30回全国大会プログラム